Heat is transmitted by means of Convection, Conduction, and Radiation. The sun uses solar radiation that, when it impacts an object, converts to thermal radiation and emits heat. The core uses both conduction and convection to move it's heat to the surface through the magma, soil, rock, and both subterranean and surface water. Both water and the atmosphere use convection to move heat upwards where both the pressure and temperature declines.
The sun and it's impact is clear when we compare the daytime temperatures to night time temperatures, and the increased sunlight during the summer compared to the winter. June 21st is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, but when we compare April 21st with August 21st we find the amount of sunlight is the same but the low temperatures at night is extremely warmer. The sun alone cannot account for this deviation. This retained warmth and differentiation is a measurement of much warmer ground temperatures, and the air temperatures reflect this. Neither the sun, core or the atmosphere is responsible for this action, but the balance maintained between them that creates our planets Thermal Switch.
The sun and it's impact is clear when we compare the daytime temperatures to night time temperatures, and the increased sunlight during the summer compared to the winter. June 21st is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, but when we compare April 21st with August 21st we find the amount of sunlight is the same but the low temperatures at night is extremely warmer. The sun alone cannot account for this deviation. This retained warmth and differentiation is a measurement of much warmer ground temperatures, and the air temperatures reflect this. Neither the sun, core or the atmosphere is responsible for this action, but the balance maintained between them that creates our planets Thermal Switch.
Both air and water use convection to move heat. When air is heated it expands and becomes less dense making it lighter than the surrounding air. Being lighter it rapidly rises from it's source and is then displaced with cooler air. This is why it is always cooler the deeper you descend into a body of water, convection. On the earth's surface the warmer temperatures are at ground level because our heat is radiated from the ground. CO2, as well as other elements resist the flow of outgoing heat, but do not direct it and cannot overcome the power of convection and the gravitational forces.
As the atmosphere heats it expands and will move with the trade winds. Early in the spring, during the winter, and occasionally in the fall an "Inversion" often occurs. This is when heat builds in one area, land or sea, and the trade winds blow in this warmer air over cooler ground, or when cool air moves in under warmer air. During the summer the ground temperatures during the day remain warmer than the air, and they nearly equalize at sunrise. During the winter the atmosphere and oceans, through the jet streams, control most of our surface temperatures when the land becomes frozen.
As the atmosphere heats it expands and will move with the trade winds. Early in the spring, during the winter, and occasionally in the fall an "Inversion" often occurs. This is when heat builds in one area, land or sea, and the trade winds blow in this warmer air over cooler ground, or when cool air moves in under warmer air. During the summer the ground temperatures during the day remain warmer than the air, and they nearly equalize at sunrise. During the winter the atmosphere and oceans, through the jet streams, control most of our surface temperatures when the land becomes frozen.