At the University of Minnesota, St. Paul Climate Observatory, underground temperatures have been recorded since the fall of 1962.   Dr. Donald Baker was curious about the frost line, depth, timing, and the overall influence on the climate.  He began digging by hand but soon found himself acquiring the assistance from a local well digger who attained a depth of 42', and this is the reason for this depth.  If he could have went deeper, he would have.  His work, along with all the people involved have made it possible to extract this valuable information and reveal it to the general public.

Today Peter Boulay is the Assistant Climatologist who maintains this station and is in the image to the right on a cool day at the station and has been a real inspiration in my research and data collection.  His early work and research paper, "History of Weather Observation, Ft. Snelling, MN," published in 2005 assisted me in my early research in understanding the accuracy and consistency in historical temperature measurements.

---

After the publication of my book in 2015 I heard about this location and I contacted the office in 2016 for confirmation of our planets thermal switch.  I was able to meet up with Pete in August of 2016 but was concerned that their data was not deep enough, but what I soon found was much more than what I could have ever expected.   Throughout this research their data is frequently used in demonstrating the basic laws of heat, the laws published within my book.  This is the only known station where the depth, time frame and accuracy of measurements can be used to analyze the data and determine the yearly rise/fall of our yearly heat flux with extreme accuracy.

---